Simple SMPS Circuit

Last Updated on April 15, 2024

If we need DC power supply for circuits we choose stepdown transformer based Rectifier circuit, It may give constant DC voltage under Regulator ICs but when the current fluctuations occurs at Input Power Source then the DC output supply will also gets affected.

We know that linear power supplies or stepdown transformer based power supply requires heavy transformers to step down the AC supply and then Rectifiers, Regulators to make it constant DC supply. Depends on the output current delivery, size of transformer increase. On the other hand, Switched Mode Power Supplies that is SMPS are compact in size and efficient devices used to convert Input AC Supply ranging from from 90 to 250 V (typical Value) to Desired level of DC Supply like 5V, 12V, 24V and -V etc., Here SMPS uses a controlled high frequency switching circuit to control the Output DC Supply. This enables SMPS to give desired output Voltage and Current.

To get rid of this drawback in traditional DC power supply method engineers, electronic designers are go with SMPS circuit. You may heard the name SMPS (Switched Mode Power Supply), It gives good constant DC output with considerably constant output current.

Switched Mode Power Supply design given in the form of simple SMPS Circuit diagram, We know SMPS is an essential device for modern electronics, to provide efficient power supply from AC to DC. A Typical SMPS circuit contains Various components like Transistors, Diodes, Capacitors, Inductors and Special Pulse Transformer, those are should meet with the requirement specifications and arranged in a feedback loop to regulate Voltage and Current flow. This article will help you to understand the SMPS diagram with explanation from the schematic of SMPS to the Practical Implementation. Operation principle of TNY267 based SMPS ckt remains same for 12V or 5V SMPS Circuit. Due to high voltage handling and isolation problem, you have to carefully follow the connection diagram of SMPS given here while wiring it for an application.

This page contains a simple smps circuit which is capable of producing 12 volt DC with 1 Amps current rating, and this circuit contains few easily available components, it may help you to design your own smps for your electronics projects.

SMPS Block Diagram

Before going to circuit diagram it is necessary to understand the operation of SMPS. This block diagram represents typical SMPS inner blocks.

We give high voltage AC Input and low frequency which is available on power outlet, the first stage of SMPS is Rectifier and filter hence the high AC becomes High Voltage DC from this operation we eliminate high spikes and surge, High voltage DC is controlled by High Frequency switching device (50KHz-120KHz) vary depends on design this switching block samples the high voltage DC with feed back path reference.

The flyback or tiny ferrite core  transformer step down the voltage as required depends on design, then the second stage is Rectifier and filter section, it gives Rectified constant DC output Voltage without current fluctuations.

Some portion of output is taken as feedback signal and this signal compared with reference voltage and the error (if present) is amplified depends on the error PWM pulse changes its frequency hence the switching device regulates the output. So the minimum changes in output DC regulated instantly without affecting load.

Circuit diagram

Construction & working

Main three parts of this simple SMPS circuit are TNY267 tiny switch -II family IC from power integrations. It is enhanced, energy efficient and low power offline switching device.

TNY 267 Pinout

Secondly EE20 core flyback transformer as stepdown transformer which is made up of compact ferrite EE. Middle column includes a cross-section of 4.5 x 4.5 mm, air gap 0.4 mm. Primary carries 157 turns of wire diameter 0.15 mm. Secondary incorporates (for 12V output) 14 turns of wire 0.4 mm.

Finally Optocoupler in feedback path IC2 EL817, it is a photo transistor opto coupler, when the output DC voltage goes beyond the limit then this optocoupler gives signal to TNY 267 IC, and then the PWM output pulse gets changers accordingly.

Use the components as specified and output will be 12V DC with 1 Amps current rating.

Note

1. This circuit Involves in operating  High voltage AC it is lethal, Handle with extreme care

2. Make the Flyback transformer as your requirement or get a ready made one.

3. If you are construct your own Flyback transformer, then check the operation of the device before fetch into circuit.

4. Again, All stages in SMPS circuit involved in operation of High voltage either AC or DC, Handle with extreme care     and protections.

Refer Datasheet for More Details.

For further Design and simulation, https://www.poweresim.com/ Free website dedicated for Switch Mode Power supply circuit “SMPS” Design and Transformer calculation web tool.