1. Which law states that the sum of currents entering a junction is equal to the sum of currents leaving it?
Ohm’s Law
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)
Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL)
Coulomb’s Law
Answer: Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL)
2. What is the purpose of a voltage divider circuit?
Divide current equally
Produce a specific fraction of the input voltage
Reduce power consumption
Increase voltage
Answer: Produce a specific fraction of the input voltage
3. Which type of transistor is controlled by voltage rather than current?
BJT
MOSFET
SCR
IGBT
Answer: MOSFET
4. What is the function of a Schottky diode in a circuit?
Low forward voltage drop
Rectification
Switching at high speeds
Voltage regulation
Answer: Low forward voltage drop
5. What does the term “duty cycle” refer to in a PWM signal?
The frequency of the signal
The amplitude of the signal
The phase of the signal
The ratio of on-time to the total period
Answer: The ratio of on-time to the total period
6. What does the term “biasing” refer to in a transistor?
Setting up the operating point
Switching the transistor on and off
Reducing the resistance
Amplifying a signal
Answer: Setting up the operating point
7. Which type of signal is represented by discrete levels?
AC
Digital
DC
Analog
Answer: Digital
8. What is the main function of a decoupling capacitor in a circuit?
Block DC components
Reduce noise and stabilize power supply voltages
Store energy for later use
Increase the circuit’s impedance
Answer: Reduce noise and stabilize power supply voltages
9. What is the relationship between power (P), voltage (V), and resistance (R)?
P = V2/R
P = R/V2
P = V x R
P = V2 x R
Answer: P = V2/R
10. Which type of feedback is used in an oscillator circuit to maintain oscillations?
Positive feedback
Negative feedback
No feedback
Phase feedback
Answer: Positive feedback